Can tourism be compatible with global sustainability? ORAL PRESENTATION

There is no doubt that tourism is growing as parts of the world become more affluent. In its growth it also aids economic development for the locations visited and thereby some poverty alleviation. But this growing tourism brings with it also problems which impact upon various factors of sustainability such as increased pollution and consequent effect on climate change, damage to the physical environment and also damage to the social environment. So the economic development from tourism comes at a cost which is unsustainable. But in traveling around the world it is noticeable that one factor seems to be universally agreed upon: if people from different countries and cultures knew each other they would realise that there is much similarity and thus there would be no wars and conflicts. So this presentation proposes a means of accepting tourism while achieving a contribution to peace alongside minimal environmental damage and sustainable poverty alleviation.

Prof Dr David CROWTHER, Social Responsibility Research network (SRRNet), United Kingdom, http://www.srrnet.org

Development Strategy for Sustainable Tourism, Pollution Control from Single-Used Plastics,SME-Sector Participation in Eco-based Products Development. ORAL PRESENTATION

Southern Province of Sri Lanka has been a unique historical destination for the international trade as well as modern tourism industry since 1960s. The ongoing tourism practice in this region has been diversified into an array of impressive activities at different geo-climatic sites such as exploring history, culture and architecture, watching biodiversity, uncovering societies & ways of life, engagements in adventures and sports etc. These activities are done either as a part of round tour packages or by exclusive tourists to such sites.

According to the 5A definition, the tourism industry is an assemblage of Attractions, Access, Accommodation, Activities and Amenities. Thus, in order to satisfactorily engage in activities at attractions, tourists must be supported with infrastructure developments such as accommodation facilities, restaurants, bars, information centers, activity businesses and so on. Unfortunately, most of the constructions for such facilities are permanent as well as close to the coastal belt or river banks.
Galle city, the capital of Southern Province of Sri Lanka, daily accommodates a large volume of population of both resident and transit locals as well as domestic and foreign tourists. Therefore, an appropriate infrastructure arrangement should be set up there with a management system for daily waste outcome, clean water demand and sanitation.

Such a management system for daily waste outcome should encompass a strategy to control the coastal pollution with single-used plastic and introduce a plastic re-cycling facility. In other words, that system should bring about an eco-friendly mechanism that prevents the transferring of single-use plastic stuff via waterways to the coast and direct local people for an industrial plastic recycling process or manufacturing alternative bio degradable stuff.

Mr. Suranga N. PATHIRANA and Mr. Dilip C. SIRISENA, Climates Tours, Sri-Lanka, www.climatestours.com

Sustainable Management of the Busiest Mountain in the UK ORAL PRESENTATION

Yr Wyddfa (Snowdon) is the most popular mountain in the UK, and the effect this has on people who work and live in the area is significant. The Yr Wyddfa Partnership - developed and established by Helen Pye, Snowdonia National Park Authority - launched a ground breaking plan for the sustainable management of the mountain. Ms Pye will detail the steps required to established such a partnership and management plan, and the projects that have been implemented as part of this innovative scheme.

More information can be found here: https://www.snowdonpartnership.co.uk/home

Mrs Helen PYE, Snowdonia National Park Authority, United Kingdom, https://www.snowdonia.gov.wales

Moth and Comllembola ORAL PRESENTATION

The trip in the course of the trees Pyralidae and Springtails created by OSI present :

The pyralidae, an invasive species that destroys every bush in its path ! However, we don’t know everything about them .... The number of times they moult is still unknown and predators hapve been discovered by OSI !
The springtails are super heroes invisible to the naked eye ! Yet without them we cannot live ! They provide nutrients and aerate the soil better than anyone else !

Mr Paul-Elie RABIER, Mr Amaury BARRET, Ms Rosalie MAYET ; Objectif Sciences International, France, http://www.vacances-scientifiques.com/-EXCELLENCE-.html

Water Watch ORAL PRESENTATION

I’m going to talk about the Water Watch trip which was about the study of micro-plastics. I will explain how we did it and what tools we used and why it was necessary to carry out these experiments. All the experiments and results were carried out at the University of Lausanne in the l’Eprouvette laboratory. I will talk to you about the decrease in whitefish and what the main factors behind this are.

Ms Emma LOEPHEL TENINGES ; Objectif Sciences International, France, http://www.vacances-scientifiques.com/-EXCELLENCE-.html

The DUOCEAN concept of PASSIVE OBSERVATION of cetaceans in water, as a coherent alternative to "swimming with cetaceans". Proposal of a model for the creation and recognition of the profession of naturalist guide ORAL PRESENTATION

The west of Reunion Island is an almost unique place in the world where humans and cetaceans share the same biotope over a few square kilometers. An underwater plateau just in front of the seaside resort of the island concentrates 4 species of dolphins all year round and humpback whales in season. Whale-watching is developing from year to year and the authorities are struggling to regulate a development that has become anarchic. No licensing system exists for the moment.

It is in this context that, as a committed service provider, we have developed a unique PASSIVE OBSERVATION method and protocol, resulting from thousands of launches of experiments. This protocol also benefits from the endorsement of certain scientists, Ethnologist, renowned Bioacoustician.

It aims to reduce as much as possible the impact of launching with cetaceans by a very precise framing of the behavior of observers and a contribution of knowledge on the species encountered. Duocean benefits from an image bank of important video data available to scientists, fed by all observations made since 2012.

The method is centered on the vision by marine mammals of their own environment, the respect of whale and dolphin "codes".
Its objective is the maximum neutrality of the participants in the water.
It represents a solution to reintegrate Man as a simple observer in the natural environment.

<The protocol aims to never seek interactions with animals, in the manner of practices in court during terrestrial photo safaris, where observation remains the only practice allowed, to the detriment of interactions.

Duocean is an eco-tourism Stat-up which proposes a model for the sustainable development of a very controversial activity in the world.
We are acclaimed by the media, a large part of the public and local tourism institutions.

Duocean is already inspired by the recommendations of the International Whaling Commission’s handbook on the development of eco-responsible Whale Watching.
Despite this success, much remains to be done to have this future profession of naturalist guide recognized by the French authorities.
We lack the means to offer training for participants and supervisors in order to create a new eco-responsible, recognized and standardized activity.

Mr Emmanuel ANTONGIORGI, DUOCEAN, France, http://www.duocean.com

Sustainability certifications’ role to lower the environmental and social impact of tourism. ORAL PRESENTATION

Tourism industry has grown exponentially in the past decades and with it the consequent environmental and social impact. Tourism has shown a strong potential to provide positive cultural, social and even environmental return to the countries and tourists involved. Third party reliable and transparent sustainability certifications can both reduce the negative impacts of tourism and enhance its positive return.

Friend of the Sea and Friend of the Earth certifications and environmental projects and campaign, jointly with the involved companies and institutions, are playing an important role in the movement towards a sustainable tourism, just like they lead the sustainable food movement.

Mr Paolo BRAY, World Sustainability Organization, Italy

Promote heritage tourism for sustainable local development in Niger ORAL PRESENTATION

Niger,through its centuries-old position as a commercial and political crossroads, today asserts itself as a precious mosaic of culture.
Social ties and ancestral ecemplary coexistence have shaped the life of Niger and its regions.
Rich in its diversity , both cultural and picturesque, the country prides itself on marvelous landscapes, particular fauna, paleontological sites unique in the world and colorful traditional festivals.
Despite the existence of legal instruments and institutions in charge of heritage , the heritage resources of Niger face threats such as :

• Failure to respect heritage values ;
• The degradation of sites ;
• Natural erosion ;
• The disappearence of certain habits and customs ;
• Lack of adaptation to modern standards ;
• Vandalism, theft and other illegal practices...
  Aware of all these factors, the NGO TOLD has developed a strategy called « Heritage Help ». This is an initiative that aims to bring the Nigerien populations to a real awareness in favor of the preservation and enhancement of their heritage in order to make it a lever for sustainable local development, in particular through heritage tourism.

Mr Issoufou ADAMOU HASSANE, NGO Tourism and Local Development (TOLD-Niger), Niger

No Planet B : enterprise and leadership in the age of no excuses ORAL PRESENTATION

PSD Nepal partners with the mountain people of Nepal. Together we are cultivating circular economies for waste and plastic solutions. In our pilot schemes, a 1 PET bottle = 1 NPR incentive scheme is in operation, with tens of thousands of plastic bottles cleared every month. This waste is recycled in Pokhara at Himalayan Plastic & creatively up-cycled for educational purposes, promoting environmental and cultural heritage
Our vision is cultivating circular economies in the Himalayan National Parks of Nepal by recycling PET plastic bottles from National Parks & promoting creative up-cycling. Our goal is promoting viable job creation, environmental wellbeing, & sustainable local management.
In this short talk we will present our recent work in recycling in the valley of Langtang, in Nepal, as well as our plans to upcycle plastic to build seven PET plastic pavilions for education and awareness in the region.

Mr Samuel JOHNS, PSD Nepal, United Kingdom, www.psdnepal.org/plastics

Research programs in Nepal ORAL PRESENTATION

The OSI-NEPAL Program supports all participatory research stays and operations organized by the NGO OSI in Nepal, whether it is the expeditions of the BIODIVERSITA Research Program which studies biodiversity, or of the PANTHERA Research program which makes a follow-up of the Snow Panther, and soon many other projects ...

Mr Clément BURZAWA, Objectif Sciences International, Nepal

Tourism, crisis exit sector in Congo-Brazzaville ORAL PRESENTATION

In the Republic of the Congo, many agree that the main challenge facing us today is that of valuing the important heritage available to the country. Citizen initiatives at the will of the government, deciphering a slow economic change.
Sharing the green heart of Central Africa, the Republic of the Congo has never been put forward as a resort. Blame it on preconceived ideas. But also to the current context of political, economic and security crisis, in particular in the region of Pool. Among the solutions to put Congo Brazzaville back in place, tourism seems obvious to some Congolese who believe it is time for their country to realize its unrecognized and under-exploited potential.

Mr Patrice Arthur MAKOUANTSI ; Association de la jeunesse congolaise pour le développement, Congo

Women and tourism development in Africa ORAL PRESENTATION

Women play an important role in the tourism industries. Globally, they represent around 47% of jobs in this sector in Africa and more than half in hotels and restaurants. Figures which according to the latest report from the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), could still grow considerably.

Ms Bénédicte Roseline ILOKI ; Association de la jeunesse congolaise pour le développement, Congo

Perpetuating transiency: The Creation of Heritage by the Buddhist Perspective ORAL PRESENTATION

This paper is about the heritage in Buddhist place. In an attempt to go beyond a more traditional descriptive approach, the proposal aims at bringing forward a discussion about the definition, or rather the multiplicity of definitions, of the concept of heritage as such. The unavoidable tension emanating from a modern western frame of thought being applied to the geographical and cultural setting of the study provides an opportunity to develop a criticism of some of the assumptions underlying our current definitions of heritage. For this particular study, heritage is defined as to include stories, places and things. It is a heritage that is complex and ambiguous, because the stories are apparel, the definition and perceptions of place are manifold and contested, and the things and their meaning appear altered, depending on what approach to materiality is used. The objective is not to propose how to identify and manage such complex heritages. Rather, it is about what causes this complexity and ambiguity and what is in between the stories, places, and things. In addition, this paper aims to critically deconstruct the contemporary heritage discourse, which privileges material authenticity, form and fabric and the idea that heritage values are universal and should be preserved for the future and preferably forever.

In this context, the notion of material impermanence also governs the perception of reality. Approaches to materiality in Buddhism are related to the general ideas that things are important from a contemporary perspective and primarily as containers for spiritual values, that the spiritual values carry the connection to the past, and that heritage is primarily spiritual in nature and has little to do with physical structure and form. By exploring the concepts of restoration, destruction and consumption in such a perspective, we understand that preservation and restoration are active processes of materialization. We also understand that destruction and consumption are necessary for the appreciation of certain heritage expressions, and that heritage is being constantly created. With this understanding this paper in an argument for challenging contemporary western heritage discourse and question its fundamental ideology of preservation.

Mr Shimo SRAMAN, Wat Mai Amataros, Thailand ; and Mr Khokan BARUA, Buddha Bhoomi Foundation, India

Ecovoluntering : two charters for participatory and environmental travel ORAL PRESENTATION

Ecovolunteering has known fast growth in France over the last ten years, with an increasing number of ecovolunteering agencies and organizations, international ecovolunteering projects, as well as volunteers involved in projects. Although several thousands of French travelers participate in ecovolunteering projects each year, there is no authoritative definition of ecovolunteering, and this way of traveling does not benefit from any formal ethical rules. However wrongdoings do occur, and some projects have been criticized about their non-ethical positioning. In the absence of any official management, Cybelle Planète launched in 2014 and 2019 three online participatory consultations with almost 600 citizens and professionals in order to elaborate the first definition of ecovolunteering, as well as two ethical charters for ecovolunteering professional and volunteers.

Mrs Céline ARNAL, Cybelle Planète, France, https://www.cybelle-planete.org/

Education is Life for Ethnic Communities in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh ORAL PRESENTATION

The southeastern part of Bangladesh – a miraculously unique and attractive mountainous landscape is known as the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). The region covers 10% (5,093 square miles) of the whole area of Bangladesh. The CHT is completely different in physical features, agricultural practices, and soil conditions from rest of the country, which is flat, and few feet above the sea level. The three districts of the Chittagong Hill Tracts- Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari were named, as Chittagong Hill Tracts after the British possessed it, as because of its proximity to the Chittagong plain region. The Chittagong Hill Tracts’ socio-economical and geographical situation is different from the rest of the other districts of the country. The CHTs region comprised by 3 hill districts with 23 Upazilas (sub District) . Among the three hill districts of CHTs, Rangamati Hill Tracts is considered as central district as well as focal point because of its characteristics and historical heritage.

12 amazing indigenous communities of Mongoloid races inhabit the CHT, the wonderful picturesque mountain, possessing distinctly different physical features from the Bengali people. It is amazing that the indigenous communities of the CHT have created an authentic culture of inhabiting different ethnic groups within an area of few square miles. The natural environment offers them the opportunity of speaking completely different languages, building different types of houses, and wearing different clothing and following different customs and different religions (Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and Animism).

During the last 25 decade due to militarization and political conflict Chittagong Hill Tracts deprived of their human rights, livelihood, life security and also their identities. A thousand of valuable lives lost for ever and many of the people had to leave their houses and property due to their life security and move here and there as internal refugee and some other left their mother land to the neighbouring country India. After historical Peace Treaty Hilly people expected to see the ray of hope but it is under full swing implementation. Therefore the situation not yet changed. No development activities successfully implemented by the Government or the development Agency due to lack participation of community people. Thus total population of Chittagong Hill Tracts some how affected or victimized during the insurgency period.

The total ethnic communities were not aware about education and they live in remote, mountainous and inaccessible areas. Therefore, they remain deprived from any facilities and services. The KOTHOWAIN organization (Vulnerable People’s Development Organization) established in 2003 by some social development activist in response to the issues of extreme poverty, low literacy rate, social and political conflict, eroding cultural identity, environment, and high incidence of human rights violations among the indigenous peoples in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Now many children are going to Universities and colleges after completion of primary level that supported by KOTHOWAIN. Right now, the communities strongly raised the voice that Education is Life for survival and sustainable development.

Mr Gabriel TRIPURA, KOTHOWAIN, Bandarban, BANGLADESH, https://www.kothowain.org

Impact of the security crisis linked to terrorism on tourism in the G5 Sahel Region: Case of Burkina Faso ORAL PRESENTATION

We will first present the G5 Sahel Region (creation and legal nature, objectives, main bodies and strategy). Then, a presentation of Burkina Faso and its tourism sector (tourism potential, public policies and socio-economic fallout) before the start of the security crisis linked to terrorism. We will also expose the nature and manifestations of the security crisis linked to terrorism in Burkina Faso and the impacts on tourism activities and the economy. We will finally share with the participants the solutions and perspectives.

Mrs Kiswendsida Marie Aimé OUEDRAOGO, Burkina Faso